Description

Perennial peanut (*Arachis glabrata*) is a low-growing, rhizomatous perennial legume native to South America. It features dense, mat-forming foliage with bright green, oval leaflets and produces small, vibrant yellow, pea-like flowers throughout the summer months. The plant typically reaches a height of 15-20 cm (6-8 inches) and spreads via underground rhizomes, making it an excellent ground cover that effectively suppresses weeds and prevents soil erosion. Perennial peanut thrives in sandy, well-drained soils and is highly drought-tolerant once established. It is suitable for USDA hardiness zones 8b through 11 and can tolerate temperatures as low as -9°C (15°F). The plant prefers full sun exposure and requires minimal maintenance, making it an attractive option for sustainable landscapes.

✂️🫘 Methods to Propagate:
Perennial peanut is primarily propagated through rhizome division or the planting of rhizome cuttings, as seed production is limited and unreliable. To establish new plants, obtain healthy rhizome segments from a mature, disease-free plant. Plant the rhizome pieces 2.5-5 cm (1-2 inches) deep in well-prepared soil, spacing them approximately 30-60 cm (12-24 inches) apart to allow for adequate spread. Ensure the planting area is free of weeds and irrigate regularly until the plants are well-established, which typically takes one growing season.

🌞💧 Sun and Water Requirements:
Perennial peanut flourishes in full sun, requiring at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily for optimal growth and flowering. While it can tolerate partial shade, reduced sunlight may lead to decreased flowering and less vigorous growth. The plant is drought-tolerant once established but benefits from regular watering during prolonged dry periods. In the initial establishment phase, consistent moisture is essential to promote healthy root development. Avoid overwatering, as perennial peanut prefers well-drained soils and can be susceptible to root rot in waterlogged conditions.

🧑‍🌾👩‍🌾 When to Harvest:
As an ornamental ground cover, perennial peanut does not require harvesting. However, if used as forage for livestock, mowing or grazing can commence once the stand is well-established, typically within 3-6 months after planting. For optimal nutritional value and palatability, harvest the foliage when it reaches a height of 15-20 cm (6-8 inches). Regular harvesting or grazing encourages new growth and maintains the plant's dense, low-growing habit. Avoid overgrazing or cutting the plants too short, as this can stress the plants and reduce their vigor.

Purpose

In permaculture, perennial peanut serves multiple functions:
- **Nitrogen Fixer**: As a legume, it enriches the soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers.
- **Ground Cover**: Its dense, mat-forming growth habit suppresses weeds and conserves soil moisture.
- **Erosion Control**: The extensive rhizome network stabilizes soil, preventing erosion on slopes and disturbed areas.
- **Animal Fodder**: Offers high-quality forage for livestock, comparable to alfalfa in nutritional value.
- **Edible**: While primarily used for forage, the plant is related to the edible peanut and has potential uses in culinary applications.